Ukrainian forces adopted NATO tactics and used terrain familiarity and better intelligence to repel initial Russian advances.
Western aid such as Starlink, MLRS, and HIMARS gave Ukraine a tactical edge and led to the Russian withdrawal from Kherson.
Ukraine’s delayed summer offensive in 2023 allowed Russia to build defenses, redeploy troops, and slow Ukraine’s gains.
The widespread use of UAVs and FPV drones for reconnaissance and strikes has transformed battlefield tactics, reducing the effectiveness of massed troop assaults.
Ukraine’s August 2024 incursion into Kursk surprised Russia but failed to force the strategic outcomes Ukraine hoped due to Russian fortifications and counterattacks.
The conflict’s future hinges on continued Western military support and the impact of upcoming US elections.
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