Microwave radio relays replaced coaxial cables after WWII, enabling high-capacity long-distance telephone and television communications.
Microwave signals require direct line of sight and are vulnerable to obstacles within the Fresnel zone.
Passive microwave repeaters use flat metallic panels to reflect signals around terrain without the need for power or maintenance.
The first passive repeater was built in 1955 by James and George Kreitzberg, leading to the formation of the Microflect company.
Passive repeaters offered cost savings and reduced environmental impact for mountainous and remote installations.
These devices provide signal gain through their large projected aperture, similar to how dish antennas work.
Passive repeaters peaked in popularity in the 1960s and 1970s before fiber optics and modern active repeaters became dominant.
Most passive repeaters have been abandoned or demolished and are seldom recognized as historic resources despite their role in rural communications.
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